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Transparency is a core principle at Musch Legal: you'll always know the cost upfront. We work with fixed fees for defined projects and an hourly rate for open-ended engagements. Every engagement begins with a brief scoping call — so you know the cost before we begin. No hidden fees, no billing surprises.
EU law for international business: complete guide
EU regulations for exporters: AI Act, CSDDD, CBAM, GDPR, sanctions, competition and internal market.
Private International Law: Which Law and Which Court
Private International Law Guide: Rome I, Rome II, Brussels I-bis, English law vs Dutch law vs local law. Complete explanation.
International disputes: complete guide for entrepreneurs
Court vs. arbitration, costs, timeline, enforcement, and strategy in international disputes.
International trade law: complete guide for entrepreneurs
Everything about international trade law: CISG, EU law, choice of law, Incoterms, sanctions, ESG, and dispute resolution.
Recent Articles
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Sanctions and export restrictions in disputes
Sanctions disrupt contracts and cause disputes. Read about force majeure and legal options.
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June 13, 2026
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Reputational damage due to international disputes
International disputes cause reputational damage. Read about management and legal approach.
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June 13, 2026
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Litigation strategy in major international disputes
Strategy in major international disputes requires forum shopping, evidence, and BATNA. Read the approach.
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June 13, 2026
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Summary proceedings in international disputes
International summary proceedings require strategy and evidence. Read about the procedure and execution.
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June 13, 2026
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Expedited procedure: international summary proceedings
Urgent international disputes require summary proceedings under Article 254 of the Dutch Code of Civil Procedure. Read the procedures.
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June 13, 2026
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Deadlocks in joint ventures: solutions
Deadlocks in JVs require escalation, mediation, Russian Roulette, or Texas Shootout. Read options.
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June 13, 2026
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International disputes over AI solutions
AI disputes: hallucinations, bias, IP claims. Read the legal strategy under the EU AI Act.
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June 13, 2026
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Electronic signatures in international trade
Are electronic signatures internationally valid? Read about eIDAS 2.0 and international recognition.
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Disputes surrounding software projects internationally
Software disputes: scope creep, late delivery, defects. Read the legal strategy.
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June 13, 2026
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International confidentiality disputes
NDA violations require swift seizure and EU Trade Secrets protection. Read the approach.
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June 13, 2026
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International licensing disputes
Licensing disputes arise regarding royalties, scope, and termination. Read the legal approach.
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June 13, 2026
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International intellectual property disputes
International IP disputes require the UPC, EUIPO, and local routes. Read the strategies.
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June 13, 2026
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Problems of evidence in international cases
Evidence in international cases requires legal aid, IBA Rules, and discovery. Read the routes.
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June 12, 2026
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How do you calculate international damage?
International damage calculation uses DCF, multiples, and historical margins. Read the methods.
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June 12, 2026
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Compensation in international disputes
International damages under Section 6:95 of the Dutch Civil Code, CISG, and common law. Read calculation and strategy.
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June 12, 2026
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Breach of contract in international contracts
International breach of contract falls under Section 6:74 of the Dutch Civil Code and the CISG. Read remedies and approach.
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June 12, 2026
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International trade fraud: legal options
Trade fraud requires swift action: seizure, filing a complaint, and civil action. Read the procedures.
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June 12, 2026
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How does the New York Convention work?
The New York Convention of 1958 makes arbitral awards enforceable worldwide in 170+ countries. Read how it works.
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June 12, 2026
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When is a contract legally valid without a signature?
Is a contract valid without a signature? Read about Article 6:217 of the Dutch Civil Code, Article 11 of the CISG, and meeting of minds.
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The recognition of arbitral awards
Recognition of arbitral awards takes place via the New York Convention of 1958 in 170+ countries. Read the procedure.
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June 12, 2026
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UNCITRAL arbitration in practice
UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules are the standard for ad hoc arbitration. Read application and points of attention.
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June 12, 2026
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NAI arbitration explained
NAI is the Netherlands Arbitration Institute for domestic and foreign commercial disputes. Read about the procedure and costs.
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June 12, 2026
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ICC arbitration explained
ICC arbitration under ICC Rules 2021 is the worldwide standard for international disputes. Read the procedure.
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June 12, 2026
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When is arbitration faster than litigation?
Arbitration is often 30-50 percent faster than state proceedings. Read when.
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June 12, 2026
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International seizure measures
International seizure measures through EAPO and local procedures. Read the routes and requirements.
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June 12, 2026
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Litigating against a British company
Litigating against a British party after Brexit takes place via the Hague Convention or arbitration. Read the routes.
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June 12, 2026
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Litigating against a Chinese company
Litigating against a Chinese company requires arbitration in Hong Kong or Singapore. Read the strategy.
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June 12, 2026
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Suing an American company
Litigating against an American party requires attention to jurisdiction, discovery, and costs. Read the approach.
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June 12, 2026
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Legal considerations for outsourcing
Outsourcing requires attention to GDPR, intellectual property, exit, and transition. Read the legal points.
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June 12, 2026
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Contracting with parties in the Middle East
How do you contract safely with parties in the Middle East? Read about Sharia, free zones, and arbitration.
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The impact of sanctions on existing contracts
New sanctions affect existing contracts via force majeure and sanctions clauses. Read about the consequences and the approach.
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June 12, 2026
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International trade in times of geopolitical uncertainty
Geopolitical uncertainty affects sanctions, trade tariffs, and supply chains. Read the legal approach.
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June 12, 2026
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Legal lessons from failed international deals
Failed international deals reveal patterns: poor due diligence, vague return and receipts, no exit. Read the legal lessons.
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June 12, 2026
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The five biggest legal risks for importers
Importers face five main risks: product liability, IP claims, CSDDD, customs, and quality. Read about prevention.
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June 12, 2026
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The five biggest legal risks for exporters
Exporters face five main risks: non-payment, product liability, sanctions, GDPR, dispute resolution. Read prevention.
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June 12, 2026
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How do you avoid costly legal mistakes?
Costly legal errors arise from incorrect choice of law, missed compliance, and weak contracts. Read about prevention.
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June 12, 2026
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When should you seek legal advice?
Seeking legal advice works best before signing a contract. Read the 10 moments.
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June 12, 2026
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What does an international trade lawyer do?
International trade lawyer handles contracts, disputes, and cross-border compliance. Read the scope.
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June 12, 2026
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Cybersecurity and contractual liability
Cybersecurity touches NIS2, the Cyber Resilience Act, and the GDPR. Read about liability and prevention.
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June 12, 2026
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AI usage within international enterprises
The use of AI touches upon the EU AI Act, the GDPR, and liability. Read how to deploy AI in a compliant manner.
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June 12, 2026
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Contracting with Chinese suppliers
How do you contract safely with Chinese suppliers? Read about CISG, NNN agreements, and arbitration.
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Sustainability claims and legal risks
Sustainability claims require substantiation under the Green Claims Directive and unfair trade practices. Read the rules.
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June 12, 2026
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ESG obligations for international enterprises
ESG obligations include CSDDD, CSRD, EUDR, and SFDR. Read about the impact and approach.
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June 12, 2026
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International supply chains viewed from a legal perspective
International supply chains call for CSDDD, sanctions, and cascading contracts. Read the legal approach.
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June 12, 2026
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Joint ventures abroad
International joint ventures require attention to SHA, governance, and exit. Read the key considerations.
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June 12, 2026
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International mergers and acquisitions: legal considerations
International M&A requires attention to due diligence, SPA, R&W, and merger control. Read the key considerations.
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June 12, 2026
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Legal pitfalls of foreign investments
Foreign investments involve pitfalls regarding FDI screening, BITs, and ICSID. Read how to invest.
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June 12, 2026
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International guarantees and assurances
International guarantees include bank guarantees, escrow, retention of title, and parent guarantee. Read the options.
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June 12, 2026
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Risk management for international contracts
Risk management for international contracts includes identification, weighting, and mitigation. Read the approach.
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June 12, 2026
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Working with foreign agents
Working with foreign commercial agents falls under Directive 86/653/EEC with mandatory customer remuneration. Read the rules.
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June 12, 2026
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Working with foreign distributors
Working with foreign distributors requires attention to targets, EU competition law, and termination. Read the tips.
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June 12, 2026
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Contracting with American companies: the key differences
What are the legal differences in contracts with American parties? Read about civil law, common law, and sanctions.
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Working with foreign suppliers
Working with foreign suppliers requires attention to contract, quality, and compliance. Read the points to consider.
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June 12, 2026
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GDPR and international data transfers
GDPR transfers outside the EEA require SCCs or an adequacy decision. Read the rules and Schrems II.
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June 12, 2026
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International privacy rules for businesses
International privacy regulations include the GDPR, UK GDPR, CCPA, and PIPL. Read about the differences and compliance.
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June 12, 2026
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Legal aspects of cross-border e-commerce
International e-commerce touches upon consumer law, VAT, DSA, and GDPR. Read the key points.
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June 12, 2026
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Registering trademarks internationally
Register trademarks internationally via EUIPO, the Madrid Protocol, or nationally. Read the costs and steps.
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June 12, 2026
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Protecting intellectual property abroad
Protecting IP abroad requires the Madrid Protocol, EUIPO, and PCT. Read about the routes and costs.
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June 12, 2026
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International terms of trade explained
International terms of trade govern Incoterms, payment, and delivery. Read the essential concepts.
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June 12, 2026
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The role of legal counsel in international expansion
Legal counsel structures international expansion from strategy to execution. Read about the added value.
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June 12, 2026
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How do you avoid legal surprises?
Legal surprises arise from unknown rules or contract loopholes. Read how to proactively avoid them.
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June 12, 2026
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Legal audits for internationally operating companies
A legal audit systematically assesses contracts, compliance, and risks. Read why and how.
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June 12, 2026
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Brexit and contracts with British companies
What are the legal consequences of Brexit for contracts with British parties? Read about Brussels I-bis and the Hague Convention on Judgments.
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Due diligence in international cooperation
Due diligence investigates legal, tax, and commercial risks for collaboration. Read the checklist.
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June 12, 2026
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Anti-corruption rules in international trade
Anti-corruption rules include the Sr, the UK Bribery Act, and the FCPA. Read how to protect your business.
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June 12, 2026
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Export control: what do you need to know?
Export control under Regulation 2021/821 governs dual-use exports. Read the permits and risks.
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June 12, 2026
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Sanctions legislation for entrepreneurs
Sanctions legislation is mandatory: EU Regulations, the Sanctions Act 1977, and OFAC. Read how to comply.
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June 12, 2026
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Compliance risks in international trade
Compliance risks include sanctions, GDPR, FCPA, and CSDDD. Read how to manage them.
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June 12, 2026
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Setting up a Dutch BV as a foreign entrepreneur
Setting up a Dutch BV as a foreign entrepreneur costs approximately 1,500 euros and takes 2 weeks. Read the steps.
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June 12, 2026
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Foreign companies doing business in the Netherlands
Foreign companies doing business in the Netherlands: choice of legal form, permits, and tax. Read the points to consider.
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June 12, 2026
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How do you choose the right legal form in the Netherlands?
Which legal form suits your business? Read about BV, NV, VOF, sole proprietorship, and holding company.
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June 12, 2026
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Doing business in the United Arab Emirates
Doing business in the UAE requires attention to the Federal Civil Code, free zones, and the Agents Act. Read the key points.
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June 12, 2026
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Doing business in India
Doing business in India requires attention to the Indian Contract Act, FEMA, and arbitration. Read the key considerations.
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June 12, 2026
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Force majeure in international contracts
What is force majeure in an international contract? Read Article 6:75 of the Dutch Civil Code, Article 79 of the CISG, and the ICC Force Majeure Clause.
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Doing business in China
Doing business in China requires attention to Chinese Civil Code, IP registration, and arbitration. Read the key considerations.
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June 12, 2026
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Doing business in the United States
Doing business in the US requires attention to common law, the UCC, sanctions, and product liability. Read the key considerations.
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June 12, 2026
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Doing business in the United Kingdom
Doing business in the UK after Brexit requires new agreements regarding choice of law, forum, and data transfer. Read the key points.
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June 12, 2026
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Doing business in France: legal considerations
Doing business in France requires attention to the Code Civil, Loi Toubon, and strict general terms and conditions requirements. Read the key points.
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June 12, 2026
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Doing business in Belgium: legal considerations
Doing business in Belgium requires attention to the Belgian Civil Code (2023), the Distribution Act, and language. Read the points to consider.
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June 12, 2026
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Doing business in Germany: legal considerations
Doing business in Germany requires attention to the BGB, AGB Law, and the Commercial Register. Read the key points.
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June 12, 2026
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The legal checklist for exporters
The legal checklist for exporters covers choice of law, Incoterms, sanctions, and compliance. Read the complete list.
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June 12, 2026
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Expanding abroad: where do you start legally?
Expanding abroad legally begins with legal form, permits, and contracts. Read the steps.
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June 12, 2026
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Legal risks of international business
International business entails legal risks: contracts, IP, compliance, and disputes. Read how to manage them.
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June 12, 2026
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Litigation risks in cross-border disputes
Litigation risk is the chance that international proceedings will not yield the intended result. Read which risks you need to be aware of.
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June 12, 2026
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How do you draft an effective limitation of liability?
A good limitation of liability holds up internationally. Read about Article 6:248 of the Dutch Civil Code and EU points of attention.
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How much does an international procedure cost?
An international procedure covers all costs of dispute resolution outside the Netherlands. Read realistic cost estimates per route.
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June 12, 2026
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The role of experts in international disputes
An expert is an independent expert who answers technical or financial questions. Read how to effectively utilize their role.
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June 12, 2026
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How do you avoid lengthy procedures?
Protracted proceedings are disputes that last longer than two years. Read how to effectively limit litigation duration with contractual choices.
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June 12, 2026
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International directors' liability
International directors' liability affects Dutch directors holding foreign positions. Read when and how you are personally liable.
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June 12, 2026
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Disputes between shareholders from different countries
How do you resolve international shareholder disputes? Read about Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code and SHA.
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Joint venture conflicts
How do you resolve joint venture conflicts? Read about Article 2:336 of the Dutch Civil Code and shoot-out clauses.
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Cross-border franchise disputes
How do you resolve international franchise disputes? Read about the Franchise and Disclosure Act.
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International agency disputes
How do you handle agency disputes? Read about Section 7:442 of the Dutch Civil Code and client compensation.
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Disputes with distributors
How do you resolve distribution disputes? Read about Belgian Law 1961 and EU competition law.
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Breach of contract by foreign suppliers
What do you do in the event of a breach of contract by a foreign supplier? Read about cover purchase and remedies.
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Letter of Intent: binding or not?
Is a Letter of Intent legally binding? Read about Plas/Valburg and pre-contractual liability.
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Which law applies to your international contract?
Discover which law applies to your international contract under Rome I and the Vienna Sales Convention. Practical explanation.
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International NDAs: what should you look out for?
An international NDA protects your trade secrets. Read about Directive 2016/943 and the Trade Secrets Protection Act.
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Agency or distribution: what is the difference?
Agency or distribution? Read the legal difference under Article 7:428 of the Dutch Civil Code and Directive 86/653/EEC.
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contracts
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Exclusive distribution agreements: the legal considerations
What do you arrange in an exclusive distribution agreement? Read about Regulation 2022/720 and competition law.
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